Karnataka Expansion provides insights to kingdoms of northern India whose originators were from Kannada country. Archaeological evidences show Kannada inscriptions found as far north as Madhya Pradesh (inscription of Krishna III) and Bihar. The language was once popular from the Kaveri to Godavari rivers as mentioned in the Kannada classic Kavirajamarga of 850 CE. The Kannada language is 3000 years old, making it the second oldest Indian language.
Talagunda and Halmidi inscriptions stand as the oldest known full-length inscriptions in Kannada. Excavations at the Chandravalli historical site has revealed interaction with Roman and Chinese travelers around the 2nd and 3rd century BCE. The Brahmagiri archaeological site near Chitradurga district, central Karnataka attests to evidence of settlement in the Karnataka region from at least the 2nd millennium BCE. Sala fighting the lion, the royal emblem of Hoysala Empire Kannada music and dance is rich and varied. The ruins of Hampi are a UNESCO World Heritage site. Kannada architecture is dominated by stone-carved sculptured palaces and temples. Kannada literature is mostly composed of poems and treatises on religious works. The Kannada language has written inscriptions since 450 CE. The Vijayanagara Empire was founded by Kannadiga chieftains who were great patrons of Kannada art and literature. The Vijayanagara, Kadambas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas and Hoysalas were some of the many major Kannada kingdoms and dynasties ruling the region. After the Mauryas, parts of Karnataka were variously ruled by dynasties who were either ethnically Kannadiga or from the outside. In the 3rd-4th century BCE the land was ruled by the Mauryas and Jainism was very popular. The existence of artifacts (such as Roman coins) shows Karnataka was engaged in trade as early as the 1st century CE. Įvidence for human habitation in Karnataka exists from at least the 2nd millennium BCE, and the region is postulated to have had contact with the Indus Valley civilization. Modern Kannada stands among 30 of the most widely spoken languages of the world as of 2001. An alternate English demonym for Kannadigas in modern works of history is the Kanarese. Kannada belongs to the Dravidian family of languages. " Kannadigaru" is the plural form in Kannada ), are a Dravidian ethno-linguistic group who trace their ancestry to the South Indian state of Karnataka in India and its surrounding regions. Records written in PreOld Kannada format correspond to the period 450 to 800 AD.The Kannada people or Kannadigas ( IAST: Kannaḍiga) ("Kannadigas" is a term obtained by adding the English suffix "-s" to "Kannadiga" to make it plural. Records written in Old Kannada format correspond to the period 800 to 1000 AD. The Kannada language in inscriptions is identified as PreOld and Old Kannada. Kannada has undergone many stages during its development through centuries. To read a record, knowledge of the script in which it is written will always help. The science of character in script writings is called Paleography. Hence, Kannada must have been a fully developed language by the 5th or the 6th century A.D and must have been a spoken language for at least a few centuries earlier. This work speaks of some earlier poets in Kannada. Oldest available literary work in Kannada is ಕವಿರಾಜಮಾರ್ಗ – Kavirajamarga, a book on poetics belonging to 9th century. Kappe Arabhatta’s Record at Badami (700 A.D.) has the first Kannada poem in ತ್ರಿಪದಿ tripadi metre.
We have a Badami Record of Mangalesha dated 578 A.D. The famous Halmidi Record of the Kadambas which is an inscription of the 5th century AD, is the oldest available evidence of Kannada language written in the pre Old Kannada script. All these are not only places in Karnataka, but are also names of Kannada origin.
Ptolemy speaks of many places in Karnataka such as Kalgeris (identified as Kalkeri), Modogoulla (Mudugal), Badamios (Badami) and so on. The next important document that helps us to prove the antiquity of Kannada is The Geography written by Ptolemy, a scholar from Alexandria, during the first half of the second century A.D. According to scholars, Kannada was a spoken language during the 3rd century B.C. The name Isila found in one of the Ashokan inscriptions in Karnataka has been described as a Kannada word by Prof. It is one of the oldest Dravidian languages. Kannada is among more than 20 languages of the Dravidian group.
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